垦71区块井间地震资料处理研究与应用     

孔庆丰  王延光  左建军  魏国华  魏洪泉 《物探与化探》2008,32(2):175-179

由于避开了地表低降速带和风化层的影响,井间地震能够采集到高频地震信号,经过资料处理可以得到较高分辨率的速度和上行反射波成像剖面。2004～2005年,胜利油田在垦71 区块实施了8对井间地震资料采集。针对原始资料特点,研究了以层析成像、管波衰减、VSP-CDP技术和有限角度叠加成像等关键处理技术,较好地完成了该区块的井间地震资料处理。初步分析解释表明,井间地震可以识别低序级断层、小幅度构造和薄储层。  相似文献   

An assessment of land cover change as a source of information for conservation planning in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Determining changes in land use/land cover (LULCC) can be used to assess and monitor habitat loss as one of the five global priority causes of biodiversity loss. In South Africa, two national land-cover (NLC) datasets have been developed from satellite imagery obtained in circa 1990 and 2013/2014. The Vhembe Biosphere Reserve (VBR), designated in 2009, is located in the north of the Limpopo Province in South Africa and has a surface area of 30,457 km². The aim of biosphere reserves is to provide a landscape-scale framework for conservation and sustainable development of an area. The area within a biosphere reserve is prioritised by designating it into one of three zones 1) Core, 2) Buffer, and 3) Transitional Zones. Two national parks and six provincial reserves (PAs) are the current and form part of the proposed updated core areas (pCAs) of the VBR. Intensity analyses was used to assess LULCC in the VBR. The pCAs cover 39.7% of the surface area of the VBR. The PAs cover 39.7% and only 15.8% of the surface area of the pCAs and VBR respectively. Based on the NLC 2013/2014 a majority of the VBR, pCAs and PAs consisted of indigenous vegetation dominated by Woodland/Open bush, Grassland, and Thicket/Dense bush. The extent of transformed land in the VBR declined from 1990 to 2013 by 1697.7 km². The total amount of change and mean annual change in the VBR was 53.1% and 2.31% respectively. The overexploitation of fuel wood by rural communities in rural areas of the VBR, was partly responsible for the targeted loss of Woodland/Open bush to Thicket/Dense bush and Grasslands. The unquantified presence of novel vegetation and alien invasive plants means that the NLC 1990 and 2013/2014 overestimates the quantity and distribution of the remaining indigenous vegetation in the VBR. In order to address this the distribution of alien and indigenous invasive plant species in the VBR needs to be determined and used to update future NLCs. Assuming a worse-case-scenario of all the coal deposits in the VBR, including the Kruger National Park, being mined it would amount to 24.7% of the surface area of the VBR. Only 6.8% of the area of all the coal deposits in the VBR was transformed with 93.2% currently remaining untransformed. It is recommended that transformation of indigenous vegetation to one of the seven transformed land cover categories and more specifically from coal mining should be restricted to the VBR's Transition Zones.  相似文献   

内蒙古东部春季三类沙尘天气气溶胶散射系数及其与PM10、能见度相关性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王天舒  牛生杰 《大气科学》2017,41(1):121-131

利用内蒙古东胜、锡林浩特两站2004~2006年春季（3~5月）积分浊度计的观测资料,结合同期PM10质量浓度、大气能见度等资料,分析了背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴等不同强度沙尘天气气溶胶散射系数的分布特征,讨论了不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数、PM10、能见度的日变化规律,以及不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数与PM10质量浓度、散射系数与能见度的相关关系。结果表明:散射系数能够很好地反映沙尘天气强度;随沙尘天气强度增强,散射系数日变化从双峰型向单峰型转变;沙尘天气强度较弱时,PM10与散射系数的日变化不相似,强沙尘暴过程中PM10与散射系数的日变化有一定的相似性;能见度与散射系数日变化趋势相反;散射系数与PM10质量浓度呈正相关性,沙尘天气越强,相关性越好,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为0.201、0.809、0.898和0.953;散射系数与能见度有指数相关关系,随沙尘天气强度增强二者相关性逐渐增强,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为-0.773、-0.870、-0.918和-0.940。  相似文献   

冬季蒙古反气旋和伊朗反气旋的年代际变化特征     

智协飞  田笑  朱丹  宋斌  侯美夷 《大气科学》2017,41(5):999-1009

根据NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用客观判定和追踪方法,研究了1948~2013年欧亚地区冬季温带反气旋的年代际气候变化的活动特征。结果发现,反气旋的高频分布区也是反气旋气候变化最大的区域,其中蒙古高原和伊朗高原的反气旋最活跃。反气旋的频数和强度既有长期趋势也有年代际变化。蒙古高原和伊朗高原的反气旋频数具有明显的年代际变化特征。反气旋频数具有2~6年和16~30年周期,且具有变频特征。EOF分解发现蒙古高原和伊朗高原的反气旋频数分布均在较高纬度和较低纬度地区呈现显著相反的偶子极态分布形式。蒙古高原的反气旋强度的变化基本可以体现欧亚大陆反气旋强度的变化。反气旋分布和强度的年代际变化可以用对流层低层经向温度梯度表示的斜压锋的位置和强度的年代际变化来解释,但斜压锋对欧亚反气旋的影响具有区域性。蒙古高原的反气旋在1960~1975年50°N以北较多,1990~2005年50°N以南较多的偶极子态变化与80°~120°E区域的斜压锋纬度位置自55°N南移到45°N有密切关系,30°~80°E区域的斜压锋纬度位置变化不能单独解释伊朗高原反气旋偶极子态年代际变化。自21世纪00年代中期斜压锋偏强对反气旋强度偏强有重要影响。  相似文献   

GPM双频降水测量雷达对降雪的探测能力分析     

吴琼  仰美霖  窦芳丽 《气象》2017,43(3):348-353

以双频降水测量雷达为主载荷的GPM卫星于2014年2月发射升空。由于轨道倾角以及仪器通道的设置,大大提升了对弱降水和降雪的探测能力。通过四次降雪个例,分析比较了双频降水测量雷达的三种扫描模式(Ku,KaMS和KaHs)对降雪探测能力的差异。结果表明:DPR相态产品和地面实际观测结果比较一致,固态降雪温度-0.5℃并且降雪发生时的风暴顶高度大多6 km。Ku波段雷达由于仪器灵敏度的大幅提高.对降雪的综合探测能力最强,而KaMs和KaHS也具有特定的作用。此外,为了保证衰减订正的精度,和非降雪部分的衰减相比,需要主要提高降雪衰减尤其是混合相态湿雪的衰减订正精度。  相似文献   

Selenium attenuation via reductive precipitation in unsaturated waste rock as a control on groundwater impacts in the Idaho phosphate patch     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Phosphate mining in southeastern Idaho has historically resulted in the release of dissolved metals and inorganics to groundwater and surface water, primarily due to leachate from waste rock in backfilled pits and overburden storage piles. Selenium (Se) is of particular concern due to its high concentration in leachate and its limited attenuation downgradient of source zones under oxic conditions. Assessments of potential groundwater/surface water impacts from waste rock typically involve laboratory characterization using saturated and unsaturated flow columns packed with waste rock. In this study, we compare the results of saturated and unsaturated column tests with groundwater quality data from the Mountain Fuel, Champ, South and Central Rasmussen Ridge Area (SCRRA), Smoky Canyon, Ballard, Henry, and Enoch Valley Mines, to understand the release and attenuation of Se in different geochemical environments. Column studies and field results demonstrate that the ratio of aqueous Se to aqueous sulfate (Se:SO₄ ratio) is a useful metric for understanding Se release and attenuation, where the extent of sulfate reduction is much less than Se reduction. Comparison of dissolved Se and sulfate results suggests that the net leachability of Se from unsaturated waste rock is variable. Overall, Se concentrations in groundwater directly beneath waste rock dumps is not as high as would be predicted from unsaturated columns. Lower Se:SO₄ ratios are observed immediately beneath waste rock dumps and backfilled pits relative to areas receiving shallow waste rock runoff. It is hypothesized that Se released in the oxic upper portions of the waste rock is subsequently attenuated via reductive precipitation at depth in unsaturated, low-oxygen portions of the waste rock. This highlights an important mechanism by which Se may be naturally attenuated within waste rock piles prior to discharge to groundwater and surface water. These results have important implications for mining practices in the region. A better understanding of Se dynamics can help drive waste rock management during active mining and capping/water management options during post-mining reclamation.  相似文献   

Seismic attenuation estimation using a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition-based method     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The frequency attenuation gradient method can provide important information for hydrocarbon detection. In this paper, a method using Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD), Hilbert transform and the least-squares curve-fitting is proposed for seismic attenuation estimation as an effective frequency attenuation gradient estimation approach. We first use CEEMD to obtain the different Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), which have a narrow band and can enhance the physical meaning of instantaneous attributes trace by trace. The time-frequency spectrum, which is computed using a Hilbert transform of each IMF, is represented as a spectrum with a single-peak that has narrow side lobes, which is conducive to frequency attenuation gradient estimation. Second, for each time sample, the frequency-amplitude spectrum of each IMF trace is extracted from the time-frequency spectrum to conduct the attenuation gradient computation. Then, the logarithm operation is performed for each IMF trace. Due to the very narrow bands of some IMFs in some seismic traces, a variable frequency window is adopted along the IMF trace according to the local data characteristics. Finally, the attenuation gradient for each IMF in a seismic trace can be computed using least-squares fitting. A different IMF reflects a seismic trace with a different spatiotemporal scale and can highlight different geologic and stratigraphic information. The correlation weighted average operation is used to highlight some useful details in seismic trace and obtains the attenuation gradient for each seismic trace. Field data examples demonstrate our method and its effectiveness. The proposed method can stably estimate the frequency attenuation gradient.  相似文献   

Calculation method for thickness of discontinuous boundary layer of engineering pavement     

ZhongQiong Zhang  QingBai Wu  Peng Zhang  SiRu Gao 《寒旱区科学》2016,8(6):461-466

The boundary layer is a buffer layer of water and heat exchange between the atmosphere and permafrost.Based on the atmospheric boundary layer and heat transfer theory,we established a method for determining the boundary layer thickness of engineering pavement(asphalt and sand pavement)in permafrost region.The boundary layer can be divided into the Boundary Layer Above Surface(BLAS)and the Boundary Layer Below Surface(BLBS).From in-situ monitoring data,the thickness of BLAS was determined through the laminar thickness,and the thickness of BLBS was determined through ground temperature,the heat conduction function,and the mean attenuation function(α).For asphalt pavement,the BLAS thickness varied between 2.90 and 4.31 mm and that of BLBS varied between 28.00 and 45.38 cm.For sand pavement,the BLAS thickness varied between 2.55 and 3.29 mm and that of BLBS varied between 15.00 and 46.44 cm.The thickness varied with freezing and thawing processes.The boundary layer calculation method described in this paper can provide a relatively stable boundary for temperature field analysis.  相似文献   

Wave propagation in anisotropic linear viscoelastic media: theory and simulated wavefields   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

J. M. Carcione 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,101(3):739-750

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Spherically symmetric attenuation within the Earth from normal mode data   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Rudolf Widmer  Guy Masters  Freeman Gilbert 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,104(3):541-553

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